The Collective Farm Era
Sergei Bogdanov
Posted on September 30, 2015
This 1945 painting, "The Milkmaid," is reminiscent of The Collective Farm Era.Typical examples of collective farms include the kolkhozy that dominated Soviet agriculture between 1930 and 1991 and the Israeli kibbutzim. Both are collective farms based on common ownership of resources and on pooling of labour and income in accordance with the theoretical principles of cooperative organizations. They differ radically, however, in the application of the cooperative principles relative to freedom of choice and democratic rule. The establishment of kolkhozy in the Soviet Union during the country-wide collectivization campaign of 1928-1933 exemplifies forced collectivization. The element of forced or state-sponsored collectivization that operated in many countries during the 20th century led to the impression that collective farms operate under the supervision of the state. But this is not universally true.